GLOSSARY OF PUMP TERMS

Glossary of pump terms

Has anyone ever baffled you with pump terminology or jargon like Viscosity or Pipe friction loss?

Global Pumps has collated many pump terms for users to understand their pumps and equipment better. The terms are grouped by the starting letter.

Glossary of pump terms A-Z:

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The top 21 pump industry terms you must know:

Head: A term in fluid mechanics to represent the energy stored in a fluid due to the pressure exerted on its container. Measured as a length of fluid where a standard of 10m is equal to one atmosphere, or 14.7 psi.

Flow: The measurement of the liquid volume capacity of a pump. Often given in litres per minute (L/min), litres per second (L/sec) and metres³ an hour (m³/hr).

Performance curve: A graph depicting the plot of total head vs flow rate for a specific pump, with a specific impeller and set of characteristics.

Pipe friction loss: The loss in head due to the friction between the process fluid and the walls of the pipes and joints.

Friction head: The force (pressure) required to overcome the friction that is solely due to the inside of the pipes/fittings/pumps in a system.

Total head: The sum of the head produced by the pump. It can be calculated by subtracting the suction head from the discharge head. Also referred to as Total Dynamic Head.

Pressure: Is the ratio of a force over an area over which the force is applied. Often measured in psi or kPa.

Pressure drop: The difference in pressure between two areas of a pump, or between the inside and outside of a container.

Efficiency: The measured power out of a piece of equipment divided by the power produced by the piece of equipment. Shown as a percentage.

BEP: Best Efficiency Point. The kinetic energy that a pump produces is never converted with 100% efficiency to pressure energy. There are always losses due to friction in the seals / bearings, friction of the pumped fluid over the impeller, etc. The BEP is thevolumetric flow rate of the pump for which the pump was designed to convert the most kinetic energy into pressure energy.

NPSHA: The net positive suction head available that can be used to prevent cavitation within the pump. It is defined as static head plus surface pressure head minus the vapour pressure of the process fluid minus the friction loss due to the piping, valves and fittings.

NPSHR: Net positive suction head required to keep a pump from cavitating. A characteristic of the pump. Calculated by the manufacturer with cold water.

Cavitate: Formation of cavities (bubbles) in fluid flow applications in areas of low pressure, causing a collapse in the high pressure area of the pump and loss of capacity, excessive noise and possibly damage.

Specific gravity (SG): The ratio of the density of a substance compared to the density of a reference (usually water at 4 °C).

Viscosity: Resistance to gradual deformation of a fluid by shear or tensile stress.

BHP: Brake horsepower. The measure of an engine’s horsepower before the loss in power caused by any load (gearbox, etc.). Measured by attaching a “Prony brake” to the engine’s shaft.

Flooded suction: If the pump is below the liquid source, and the suction is fed by gravity. This is a preferred method for centrifugal pumps.

Suction static head: The height difference between the surface of the inlet reservoir and the centre line of the pump. If the tank is pressurized, this pressure is also included.

Suction static lift: Also known as suction static head. Only occurs when the pump is above the inlet reservoir.

Specific speed: A dimensionless number used to characterise turbomachinery. Normalises impellers to a speed in revolutions per minute to that of a geometrically similar impeller if it were to deliver 1 gallon per minute against 1 foot of hydraulic head.

Impeller: A device that attaches to a rotating shaft and converts the energy of motion, into the fluid being pumped.